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Source: University Of Edinburgh Date: September 4, 2006 Semen Can Worsen Cervical Cancer Researchers from the Medical Research Council's Human Reproductive Sciences Unit at The University of Edinburgh have found that that the high concentration of prostaglandin in semen makes other diseases of the female reproductive organs worse -- including uterine cancer. The team, led by Dr Henry Jabbour, an Honorary Fellow in Obstetrics AND Gynaecology at the University, has found the prostaglandins present in semen can influence the progression of cervical AND uterine cancers by enhancing tumour growth. Prostaglandin is naturally produced by the cells that line the female reproductive organs. Its usual role is to help regulate cell growth. For example, messages passed on from cell to cell by prostaglandin molecules direct the womb lining to either thicken OR shed in the monthly menstrual cycle. However, the concentration of prostaglandin in seminal fluid is 1000 times higher than that normally found in these cells. Prostaglandin receptor molecules are present on the surface of the cells that make up cervical AND uterine cancer tumours. The influx of prostaglandin delivered by semen enhances the normal level of signalling between cells. The high volume starts new cascades of signals that eventually lead to an increase in tumour growth. Cervical cancer is most common in women who live in the developing world. In the UK, screening programmes detect most abnormal cell changes in women before a tumour develops. Although prostaglandins do not cause cervical cancer (it is usually triggered by long--term human papilloma virus infection), this research shows that seminal fluid can contribute to tumour growth. Dr Henry Jabbour said: "Sexually active women who are at risk of cervical OR uterine cancer should encourage their partners to wear a condom to prevent increased exposure to the prostaglandins that might make their condition worse. "It also highlights the potential for a new therapeutic approach that will tackle both possible sources of prostaglandin, those produced naturally by women AND those introduced to the body by sperm."

Reduced Risk Prostate Cancer with Regular Ejaculation How ejaculation helps reduce prostate cancer An epidemiological study of 30,000 American men by Michael Leitzman, a cancer researcher at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland, has found that men who enjoy an active sex life do not risk prostate cancer in later life. There has been a suggested link with greater sexual activity AND increased incidents of prostate cancer in previous scientific data because of the link with the male hormone testosterone AND its effect on promoting cancer cell growth. Leitzmann's findings were that men who ejaculate between 13 AND 20 times a month had a 14% lower risk of prostate cancer that men who ejaculated on average, between 4 AND 7 times a month for most of their adult life. Men who ejaculated upwards of 21 times a month had a 33% lower lifetime risk of prostate cancer than the baseline group. Video: What is Prostate Cancer? The study of predominantly white professional males would seem to suggest, as Mr Leitzmann himself says, ‘the finding warrant further investigation’. Ejaculation Frequency AND Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer. Michael F. Leitzmann, MD; Elizabeth A. Platz, ScD; Meir J. Stampfer, MD; Walter C. Willett, MD; Edward Giovannucci, MD JAMA. 2004;291:1578-1586

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